[理学]TCA Critic acid cycle 三羧酸循环.pptVIP

Cellular respiration The citric acid cycle constitutes the first stage in cellular respiration, the removal of high energy electrons from carbon fuels (left). These electrons reduce O2 to generate a proton gradient (middle), which is used to synthesize ATP (right). The reduction of O2 and the synthesis of ATP constitute OP. 细胞呼吸 = 柠檬酸循环+ 氧化磷酸化 Relationship between citric acid cycle and glycolysis continuation and prelude前奏 linked by a joining step: Pyr→ acetyl CoA by Pyr DH complex Its goal (objective): to provide energy and building blocks for metabolism Compartment: inside mito It is the final common way for the oxidation of fuel molecules Formation of acetyl CoA from Pyr oxidative decarboxylation of Pyr to form acetyl CoA occurs in the mito matrix基质 catalyzed by the Pyr DH complex a highly integrated multienzyme complex consisting of 3 kinds of enzymesand 5 coenzymes An overview of TCA cycle carbon atoms: from C4 back to C4: 4 → 4+2→6(－1)→5 (－1) →4 (1 acetyl CoA→2 CO2) generation of 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 energy (1GTP) OAA condenses with acetyl CoA to form citrate aldol condensation醛缩 followed by a hydrolysis intermediate citryl CoA catalyzed by citric synthase C4+ C2→C6 Citrate is isomerized into isocitrate异柠檬酸 citrate isomerized into isocitrate (dehydration plus hydration) why? To undergo oxidative decarboxylation the essence of isomerization: interchange of an H and an OH. catalyzed by aconitase顺乌头酸酶 (so named because of cis-aconitate intermediate) aconitase contains Fe-S cluster顺乌头酸酶 是含有铁硫簇的铁硫蛋白 protein with Fe-S clusters are known as iron-sulfur proteins Isocitrate is oxidized and decarboxylated to α–ketoglutarate(α-KG) α-酮戊二酸 the first oxidation-reduction reactions in TCA cycle catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase. the rate of formation ofα–ketoglutarate is important Succinyl CoA 琥珀酰辅酶A is formed by the oxidative decarboxylation ofα-KG the second oxidative decarboxylation catalyzed byα-KG DH complex The mechanism of this react