[高等教育]流行病学研究方法.ppt

Epidemiological Study Designs University of Missouri Department of Health Management and Information--HMI 400 Mahree Fuller Skala, M.A. Background Rationale and characteristics of epidemiological research Need to understand disease causation Need to describe disease occurrence Used to generate and test hypotheses, and evaluate health interventions Design Characteristics Specific goals and objectives Methodology Background Goals of Epidemiology Scientific research is the process of proposing and testing postulates and hypotheses in a specific field Evaluation research is concerned with the decision making process to implement, continue or adopt a new program Epidemiological studies can be and have been used in both research approaches Research Designs in the Health Field Experimental Designs Laboratory experiments Clinical Trials Field Trials Community Trials Quasi-Experimental Field Community Trials Research Designs in the Health Field Observational Designs Descriptive Case report Case series Cross-sectional studies Ecological or correlation studies Epidemiological Research Designs Observational Designs cont’d Analytic Cohort studies Case-control studies Cross-sectional studies Research Designs The experimental design is the paradigm of research designs Quasi- and non-experimental designs aim to simulate results of an experiment if it had been implemented Scientific rigor is lower in quasi-experimental and non-experimental designs Ecological epidemiological study is the most limited of all research designs Research Designs Controlled experiments (Experimental) determinant or intervention (treatment) is planned control (non-treatment) group is free from the intervention subjects selected into intervention (treatment) and control (non-treatment) groups by randomization (preferred) or through matching Examples Laboratory experiments effects of anti-cancer drugs in mice Clinical trials effect of anti-cancer drugs in humans Field trials Salk and Sabin vaccine tr