微生物学_第二章_微生物的形态和构造教材教学课件.ppt

第二章 微生物的形态和构造(一)原核微生物; 第一节 细菌;二等分裂;一 细胞的形态构造及其功能;杆菌; 球菌;螺旋菌;(1)细胞壁;肽聚糖;;溶菌酶、青霉素对细菌细胞壁的作用;青霉素杀细菌;磷壁酸;脂多糖;外壁层中的蛋白质;2 特殊结构; 某些细菌长在体表的长丝状、波曲的附属物。;A motile E. coli propels itself from place to place by rotating its flagella. To move forward, the flagella rotate counterclockwise and the organism swims. But when flagellar rotation abruptly changes to clockwise, the bacterium tumbles in place and seems incapable of going anywhere. Then the bacterium begins swimming again in some new, random direction. Swimming is more frequent as the bacterium approaches a chemoattractant (food). Tumbling, hence direction change, is more frequent as the bacterium moves away from the chemoattractant. So it is a complex combination of swimming and tumbling that keeps them in areas of higher food concentrations.;原核生物与真核生物鞭毛差异;(3)芽孢Endospore; 芽孢的形成;芽孢的萌发;芽孢耐热机制;二 细菌群体形态;菌落形态是个体形态的集中表现;(2)细胞膜;间体mesosome;(3)细胞质;聚β-羟丁酸;异染颗粒;羧酶体;气泡;细胞骨架; (4)核质体;第二节 放线菌Actinomycetes;二 放线菌近细菌特征;五 放线菌的形态构造;气生菌丝及孢子丝;;干燥、小、密 菌落表面颜色为孢子丝颜色+孢子的颜色 菌丝细，直径同细菌类似 菌丝密 菌落边缘下陷，难以挑起。 ;第三节 蓝细菌(cyanobacteria);第四节支原体、立克次氏体和衣原体;一 支原体(Mycoplasma);二 立克次氏体(Rickettsia);三 衣原体(Chlamydia)