Chapter-7计算机科学技术史.ppt

Chapter 7 Peripheral Peripheral A computer peripheral is any external device that provides input and output for the computer. For example, a keyboard and mouse are input peripherals, while a monitor and printer are output peripherals. Computer peripherals, or peripheral devices, are sometimes called I/O devices because they provide input and output for the computer. Some peripherals, such as external hard drives, provide both input and output for the computer. 7.1 Paper Tape In 1837, the American inventor Samuel Finley Breese Morse developed the first American electric telegraph, which was based on simple patterns of dots and dashes called Morse Code being transmitted over a single wire. The telegraph quickly proliferated(扩散) thanks to the relative simplicity of Morses system. However, a problem soon arose in that operators could only transmit around ten words a minute, which meant that they couldnt keep up with the publics seemingly insatiable desire to send messages to each other. This was a classic example of a communications bottleneck. Uses Paper Tape to Store Data In 1857, only twenty years after the invention of the telegraph, Sir Charles Wheatstone (the inventor of the accordion（手风琴）) introduced the first application of paper tapes as a medium for the preparation, storage, and transmission of data. Uses Paper Tape to Store Data Sir Charles paper tape used two rows of holes to represent Morses dots and dashes. Outgoing messages could be prepared off-line on paper tape and transmitted later. By 1858, a Morse paper tape transmitter could operate at 100 words a minute. Uses Paper Tapes as Data Presentation In a similar manner to Sir Charles telegraph tape, the designers of the early computers realized that they could record their data on a paper tape by punching rows of holes across the width of the tape. The pattern of the holes in each data row represented a single data value or character. The Original Computer Tapes The original computer tapes