坐标系统的转换概要.doc

摘要： 首先简要论述了空间参照系统、常用坐标系等基础知识。然后研究了坐标系转换的算法，其中主要研究了坐标系之间的坐标转换方法，如大地坐标与空间直角坐标的转换、不同坐标下的空间直角坐标转换、高斯投影坐标变换算法和简化算法。另外介绍了WGS一84坐标变换为BJ一54坐标的四参数转换模型。最后通过Visual Baisc语言编程构建坐标转换实验系统，实现Windows窗口界面化的输入和显示方式，快速实现了坐标系之间的一系列转换。 对于求底点纬度Bf和空间直角坐标转换为大地坐标求B时，采用迭代法进行求解比较方便，迭代次数较少，精度也很高。在求解四参数的过程中，按间接平差最小二乘原理得到精确的转换参数。 经过计算实例的验证，这些程序可以用于实际作业,具有一定的实用价值。 关键字： 坐标系统；空间直角坐标系；大地坐标系；高斯平面坐标系；1954北京坐标系；1980西安坐标系；WGS-84世界大地坐标系；2000国家大地坐标系；坐标系统转换 Abstract： ????? First of all, briefly addressed the spatial reference system used, such as basic knowledge of coordinate system. Coordinate system and then study the conversion algorithm, which studied the coordinates between the coordinate system conversion methods, such as earth and space coordinates of the rectangular coordinate conversion, coordinate different Cartesian coordinate space conversion, Gaussian projection coordinate transformation algorithm and simplify the algorithm . Also introduced WGS coordinate transformation of a 84 a 54 coordinates for the BJs four-parameter transformation model. Finally, through the programming language Visual Baisc coordinate transformation to build the experimental system, the Windows window interface of input and display, and rapid realization of the series between the coordinate system conversion. For the end point for Bf and latitude coordinates into a Cartesian space geodetic coordinates for B, the iterative method used to solve the more convenient, less number of iterations, the accuracy is also high. Solving the four parameters in the process, according to the principle of indirect least squares adjustment of the conversion parameters to be accurate. 牋牋 t After verification example, these procedures can be used in practical operation, has a certain practical value. Keyword: Coordinate system; space Cartesian coordinate system; the earth coordinate system; Gauss plane coordinate system; coordinate system 1954 Beijing; Xian in 1980 coordinate system; WGS-84 World Geodetic Coordinate System; 2