中西文明选读（英文版）第1章_Politics教材教学课件.pptVIP

Chapter One Politics;【1.1 Politics of the United States of America】 【美国的政治】; The modern two-party system consists of the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. The Democratic Party evolved out of Thomas Jefferson’s party, which was formed before 1800. The symbol of the party is the donkey. The Republican Party was formed in the 1850s, by people in the states of the North and West, such as Abraham Lincoln, who wanted the government to prevent the expansion of slavery into new states then being admitted to the union. The symbol of the Republican Party is the elephant. Several other parties also operate in the United States, and from time to time achieve relatively minor representation at the national and state levels. ;I. The Democratic Party The Democratic Party, since the division of the Republican Party in the election of 1912, has consistently positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party in economic as well as social matters. The economically left-leaning philosophy of Franklin D. Roosevelt, which has strongly influenced American liberalism, has shaped much of the party’s economic agenda since 1932. Roosevelt’s New Deal coalition usually controlled the national government until the 1970s.;II. The Republican Party The Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States of America. It is often referred to as the Grand Old Party, GOP, and “Gallant Old Party”. Founded in 1854 by anti-slavery expansion activists and modernizers, the Republican Party rose to prominence with the election of Abraham Lincoln, the first Republican president. The party presided over the American Civil War and Reconstruction but was harried by internal factions and scandals toward the end of the 19th century. Today, the Republican Party supports an American conservative platform, with further foundations in economic liberalism, fiscal conservatism, and social conservatism.;1.1.2 Major Political Parties of the United St