英语语法-ch3.pptVIP

Arrangement About Subjunctive Mood BE-subjunctive WERE-subjunctive Some few notes A linguistic perspective Exercise About Mood Mood, as a grammatical category, is a finite verb form that indicates whether an utterance expresses a fact (indicative mood), a command or request (imperative mood), or a non-fact and hypothesis (subjunctive mood). 3 E.g. He goes to church every Sunday. Don’t be late for school. Go to school at once. Mother insisted that he go to hospital at once. Subjunctive mood is remnant of Old English expressing hypothetical and non-factual meanings. Be-subjunctive and were-subjunctive are the two forms of it. BE-subjunctive 1) In certain that-clause to express a command, decision, suggestion, etc. 2) In certain adverbial clauses introduced by if, though, whatever, so long as, whether, lest, etc. 3) In certain formulaic expressions to express a wish, prayer, curse, etc. WERE-subjunctive In certain adverbial clauses introduced by if, if only, as if, as though, though, etc. In certain nominal clauses after verbs like wish, would rather, suppose, imagine, etc. to denote a hypothetical situation. Some few notes on ways of expressing by hypothetical meanings 1) Use of past tense forms of verbs: It is time (that)… I would rather (that) you/he… If only… …as if / as though I wish (that)… 2) Use of past tense modals In conditionals; In implied conditionals; In other contexts; a linguistic perspective to Subjunctive Mood Cooperative Principle by Paul Grice Cooperative principle (CP) (合作原则) ---- According to Grice, in making conversation, there is a general principle which all participants are expected to observe. It goes as follows: Make your conversational contribution such as required at the stage at which it occurs by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which y