虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法总结.docVIP

虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法 先看一道高考题： ____ more attention，the trees could have grown better． A．Given B．To give C．Giving D．Having given （答案是A） 句中．．．the trees could have grown better是一个表达虚拟语气的句子。题中要求选择的是如何表达假设条件的形式。如果我们把这个句子用另一种形式If they had been given more attention ，the trees could have grown better．来表示，就不难理解了。很多情况下，在表示假设的虚拟语气中，有时假设的条件并不以条件从句的形式表达，而是通过上下文或句中内在的逻辑关系，或用其它形式表达出来，我们称之为含蓄条件句。 含蓄条件句主要通过名词、连接词、不定式、分词、动名词短语、介词短语及分句来暗示。这些表达形式在句中实际起着虚拟条件从句的作用。现分述如下： 一、介词短语 常用来表示虚拟条件的介词有with，without，in，under，but for等等，它们表示的虚拟条件都可以被if从句替换。 （1）without，with without表示否定的条件，意为if．．．not；with与without意义相反，表示肯定的条件。如： Without air，there would be no living things．（without air ＝if there were no air）没有空气，便没有生物。 With her help（＝If I had her help），I would do the experiment well．假如有她帮助，我就可以把这个实验做好。 （2）under Under the leadership of a less experienced person，the experiment would have failed．（under．．．＝If there had been the leadership of a less experienced person）假设在一个缺少经验的人领导下进行实验，实验准会失败。 （3）in I would have lost my head in that position．（in that position ＝if I had been in that position）我处在那种情况下，是会丧失理智的。 （4）but for But for their help（＝If it were not for their help），we could not get over the difficulties．要不是他们的帮助，我们是克服不了这些困难的。 二、连接词or ，otherwise，but，but that等等 Im really busy，otherwise（＝if I werent so busy），I would certainly go with you．我确实太忙了。不然的话，我一定和你一块去。 But that I saw it（＝If I had not seen it），I could not have believed it．要不是亲眼看见的话，我是不会相信的。 三、分词短语 United（＝If they had been united），they wouldnt have been defeated．他们要是团结起来，就不会被打败。 Seen from a high mountain（＝If it were seen from a high mountain），the field in which wheat is growing would look like a great green sea．倘若从高山上看，麦田就像一片碧绿的大海。 四、动词不定式短语 It would be only partly right to answer in this way．（＝if we answered in this way）如果这样回答，只对一部分。 To hear him speak English（＝If one were to hear him speak English），one would think him an Englishman．要是听他讲起英语来，人们会认为他是一个英国人。 五、形容词或其比较级的形式 A less difficult problem would have already been solved．（＝If t