一般过去时现在进行时 一般现在时 一般将来时的用法.doc

一般过去时的用法一、概念1．表示在的过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, in 1982等。如：1）I was at the zoo yesterday. 昨天我在动物园。2）I went to bed at eleven last nigth. 昨晚我11：00睡觉。2．表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。1）When I was a child, I often played football in the street.　我在小的时候，我经常在街道上踢足球。2）My father often drove to work last year. 去年，我爸爸经常开车上班。二、句子结构1．在表示某个时间里存在的状态的句子，系动词用过式was，were构成。如：（1）I was at home yesterday.　昨天我在家。（2）We were in the gym just now. 刚才我们在体育馆。2．在表示过去某个时间里发生的动作，用动词的过去式构成。如：I visited my uncle yesterday. 昨天我拜访了我的叔叔。3．各种句式（1）一般过去时的肯定陈述句：主语? ???＋? ?动词过去式 ＋ 宾语或表语。He worked in Shanghai ten years ago.（2）一般过去时的否定句：a．主语 ＋ didn’t ＋ 动词原形??＋??宾语。(did + not = didnt)He didnt do morning exercises yesterday.b．主语 ＋ wasn’t/weren’t ＋表语。(was + not = wasnt were + not = werent)He wasnt an English teacher ten years ago.（3）一般过去时的一般疑问句：a．Did ＋ 主语 ＋ 动词原形??＋??宾语 ？Did you study English in 1990 ?b．Was/Were+ 主语 ＋ 表语 ？Was he a pupil five years ago ?（4）一般过去时的特殊疑问句：a．特殊疑问词 ＋ did + 主语? ? ＋??动词原形??＋ 宾语？Where did your parents live five years ago？What did you do last Sunday？b．特殊疑问词 ＋ were/was ＋ 表语？Who was at the zoo yesterday三、时间特征在一般过去时句子中，通常与下列表示过去的时间状语连用：yesterday, yesterday　morning, yesterday afternoon, yesterday evening, the day before yesterday（前天）, last night, last week, last month, last year, a moment ago（刚才）, just now（刚才）, two days ago, a week ago, in 1990,…四、动词过去式的构成规律(一)规则动词的过去式1.一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed。 look→lookedplay→playedstart→startedvisit→visited2.以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d。live→liveduse→used3.以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，先将 y 改为i ,再加 –ed。study→studied, try→triedfly→flied4.以重读闭音节（即辅音＋元音＋辅音）或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母后，再加 –ed。stop→stopped　　plan→planned, prefer→preferred(二)不规则动词的过去式1.改变动词中的元音begin→began 　drink→drank come→came　 eat→ate grow→grew　 run→ran 　know→knew win→won 　speak→spoke　take→took　 write→wrote 　get→got　2.变词尾的–d 为–t build→built lend→lent send→sent spend→spent bend→bent3.与动词原形一样cut→cut put→putcost→cost hurt→hurtshut→shut4.变-ay 为-aid (