新初一英语暑期课程5 食物与生活方式.doc

食物与生活方式 （语法：可数名词与不可数名词） 每日一文 请同学们反复地、大声地朗读这篇文章。 A little boy comes to a new town. His name is Peter Picket. Of course he lives with his parents. His family is very rich. They have a gardener, a cook）and a lot of other servants. Peter is going to a new school. On the first day his mother says to him, “Peter, be modest at your new school. Don’t say we are rich.” And peter says, “yes, Mummy.” So Peter goes to school. He meets his new teacher. And he sits down with the other children. The teacher says, “Good morning , children. The first exercise today is a composition. The title is ‘My name ’.” So all the children write their compositions. This is Peter’s composition: “ My name is Peter Picket . My family is very poor. My father is very poor. My mother is also very poor. So are the gardener, the cook and all the other servants.” ★★★词汇拓展 请各位同学利用好词典工具，完成以下任务： 单词 音标 中文意思 servant rich composition title modest poor 知识在线 一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别 　　普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词（表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等）和集体名词（表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people,　family 等）。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词（表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等）和抽象名词（表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等）。 　　二、可数名词 　　可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下： 　　1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如： 　　book → books room → rooms 　　house → houses day → days 　　2. 以s,　ss, ch,　sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。如： 　　bus → buses glass → glasses 　　watch → watches 　　dish → dishes box → boxes 　　3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。如： 　　city → cities body → bodies 　　factory → factories等等。 　　4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如： 　　half → halves leaf → leaves 　　knife → knives wife → wives 　　5. 特例 [悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。] 　　① child → children 　　② man → men woman → women 　　policeman → policemen 　　（规律：man → men） 　　③ tomato → tomatoes 　　potato → potatoes 　　[悄悄话： 初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s喽！如：phot