论马王堆汉墓遣册记载的祭器-湖南省博物馆.PDFVIP

论马王堆汉墓遣册记载的祭器 On Sacrificial Vessels Recorded in the Inventory of Burial Objects from the Han Tombs at Mawangdui 湖南省博物馆 郑曙斌 Zheng Shubin, Hunan Museum 内容提要：马王堆汉墓遣册记载的部分盛食之器，列鼎有数的规定性，食物标注为 “器盛”，均找不到相对应的随葬实物。通过文献与考古资料分析，可以了解到这 类盛食之器只见记载不见实物，与同墓随葬盛食之器的名称表述方式不同，可能是 葬日大遣奠使用的祭器，反映了汉初丧葬仪式中用于遣奠的祭器既承周制而来，又 有不同于周制的变更。 关键词：遣册　遣奠 祭器 Abstract: For some food containers recorded in the Inventory of Burial Objects from the Han tombs at Mawangdui, with specific regulations on the number of ding used and notes that indicate the food is “contained in vessels”, no corresponding real burial objects have been found. Through the analysis of historical documents and archaeological materials, it is learned that such food-containers seen in the record but not found in real objects, while the food- containers as burial objects in the same tomb have different names, are probably sacrificial vessels used in the grand memorial ceremony on the day of the burial. It to a certain extent reflects that the practice of using sacrificial vessels in early Han burial rituals continued the tradition of the Zhou dynasty with some variations. Key words: Inventory of Burial Objects memorial ceremony sacrificial vessels 何为祭器？《礼记 ·曲礼下》明文 策 齐策四》曰：“愿请先王之祭器，立 · 规定：“凡家造：祭器为先，牺赋为次， 宗庙于薛。”《史记 张仪列传》曰：“出 · 养器为后。”这是将器物区分为祭器与养 兵函谷而毋伐，以临周，祭器必出。”司 器，养器是日常生活所用的器物，祭器是 马贞索隐：“凡王者大祭祀必陈设文物轩 祭祀时所陈设的各种器具。《礼记 ·王 车彝器等，因谓此等为祭器也。”制造祭 制》曰：“祭器未成，不造燕器。”《战国 器的目的是为了礼神祈福的需要，《礼 · ·