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2.2 (a) Since ? = 2?f = 20 rad/sec, the frequency of the signal f = 3.18 Hz. The Nyquist rate for the signal is 6.37 Hz (b) , so f = 833.3 Hz. The Nyquist rate is 1666.7 Hz. (c) , so f = 214.3 Hz. The Nyquist rate is 428.6 Hz. 2.5 ? = 2500? rad/sec, so f = 2500?/(2?) = 1250 Hz, and T = 1/1250 sec. Therefore, five periods cover 5/1250 sec. For this signal, the Nyquist sampling rate is 2(1250) = 2500 Hz, so the sampling rate in this case is fS = 7/8(2500) = 2187.5 Hz. The total number of samples collected is (2187.5 samples/sec)(5/1250 sec) = 8.75. This means only eight samples are collected while five periods of the analog signal elapse. In fact, for this signal, an integer number of samples can never be collected in an integer number of analog periods. 2.11 A 8 kHz sampling rate allows a Nyquist range of 0 to 4 kHz. After sampling, spectral copies of the signal appear at …–24000 ± 25000, –16000 ± 25000, –8000 ± 25000, 0 ± 25000, 8000 ± 25000, 16000 ± 25000, … Hz. The only copy that lies in the Nyquist range occurs at 1000 Hz. This is the aliased frequency. 3.16 The frequency of the analog signal is f = ?/2??= 200/2? Hz. The sampling frequency fS = 1/TS = 1/(25x10–3) = 40 Hz. The digital frequency is ? = 2?f/fS = 200/40 = 5 rads. The sampled signal is x[n] = 5sin(n?) = 5sin(5n). 3.18 (a) From the equation for x(t), ? = 2?f = 1000?, so f = 500 Hz. Since seven samples are collected every three cycles, N = 7 and M = 3, so This means . Solving gives fS = 1167 Hz. (b) Since fS 2f, the sampling rate is adequate to avoid aliasing. 3.23 (a) Since the digital sinusoid is periodic, . Since , . Therefore, . Possible frequencies f of the analog signal are defined by M = 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, …, that is, all integers that do not share any factors with 10. Other integers M result in a digital period less than 10. For 4 kHz sampling, the possible frequencies f are 400, 1200, 2800, 3600, 4400, … Hz. (b) The only two frequencies from (a) that lie within the Nyquist range are 400 Hz a