旅游学概论(双语)问答题.doc

(1) In Leiper’s model, he points out three elements of the tourism system. What are the three elements in the system? How does the system work? The three elements are: geographical elements, tourist, and tourism industry. The traveler-generating region is the generating market, which stimulates and motivates travel. The tourist destination functions as the tourism object in the market and provides an area for most of the tourism activity. The tourist, as the tourism subject，gives impetus to the development of it. A tourist constitutes the primary flow of energy within this system. Every tourist must simultaneously meet certain spatial, temporal, and purposive criteria. The tourism industry helps to promote the tourism product. (2) What are the ‘pull’ and ‘push’ factors? Why are they called so? The tourist destination functions as a “pull” factor in the market and provides an area for most of the tourism activity. It attracts different kinds of tourists through the attractions and the quality of management and service. The tourist, as the tourism subject and located in the traveler-generating region, is the “push” factor and gives impetus to the development of it. (3) What are the major pre-conditions for people who can offer to travel? Disposable income is one of the pre-conditions for people to travel. The demand for tourism is in accordance with people’s personal income. The more people’s income is, the higher their demand for travel. Disposal time is another pre-condition for tourists to travel. Without disposal time, people cannot travel. (4) What are the most important factors that stimulate the mass tourism? The emergence of mass tourism is largely due to the growing economics of the tourism industry. Because of the Industrial Revolution people have more disposal income and the middle class appear. Change of the institution has offered people more time to travel. Great changes in transport technology have accelerated travel. People began to take package holi