生物浸矿资料查找.pptx

Biomining Contents Brief introduction History Microorganisms Process Benefits Brief introduction Biomining is a broad term that describes the processing of metal containing ores and concentrates of metal containing ore using microbiological technology. Two main process: Mineral bio-oxidation Bioleaching →alternatives to smelting, roasting, and pressure oxidation Codelco’s Biomining Plant History 166 A.D. the scientist Galen described “in situ” leaching in old copper and lead mine at Cyprus. 1879 Bioleaching of low-grade ore at Rio Tinto. 1947 Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was identified and isolated from acid mine drainage. 1965 Discovery of the first iron and sulfur oxidizing archaea Acidianus Brierleyi from thermal spring in Yellowstone.  Microorganisms Features: Single-celled and multiply by simple cell division Derive energy by oxidizing iron and sulfur Obtain carbon from carbon dioxide Require oxygen Require a sulphuric acid environment to grow Microorganisms Classification: The microbes can be conveniently grouped within temperature ranges at which they grow and where they are found in the natural environment. Microorganisms Ambient temperature bacteria: grow and function from 10°C to 40°C cylindrical-shaped about 1 micrometer (μm) long and 0.5 μm in diameter E.g. Leptospirillum ferrooxidans Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans Microorganisms Moderately-thermophilic bacteria 40-60°C somewhat larger than mesophiles E.g. Acidithiobacillus caldus Microorganisms Extremely thermophilic archaea 60-85°C spherical shaped lack rigid cell wall; cell contents are enclosed by a membrane instead E.g. Metallosphaera sedula Acidianus Brierleyi Process Bioleaching is mostly contact leaching. Process Gold extraction Ore Numerous ferrous and sulphur oxidizing bacteria (Acidithiobacillus ferroxidans) 1.Bacteria catalyzes the breakdown of the mineral arsenopyrite by oxidizing sulphur and metal and reducing dioxygen by H2 and Fe3+. Cell membrane The electrons pass into the cel