年产3600吨环氧氯丙烷车间氯丙烯合成工段工艺设计.doc

年产3600吨环氧氯丙烷车间氯丙烯合成工段工艺设计 内容摘要 本设计是年产 3600吨的环氧氯丙烷的氯丙烯工段设计。 环氧氯丙烷的主要应用是生产环氧树脂，用于制造涂料、粘合剂、塑料。它同样用于人工合成甘油，纺织品，造纸，油墨和染料，溶剂，表面活性剂和医药品。它还能作为一种惰性成分用于农药。 目前，较常用的生产氯丙烯的方法仍然是高温氯化法，也是合成环氧氯丙烷的经典方法，此法对丙烯的选择性可以达到75%-80%,对氯气的选择性可达到75%。此反应的副产物1，3-二氯丙烯为有效的杀虫剂能够创造出很高的经济价值。此法也存在着一定的缺点，如副产物多，有 1，2-二氯丙烷，2-氯丙烯，2-氯丙烷等。本设计采用丙烯高温氯化法，要求丙烯和氯气的摩尔比为5:1,因为整个反应是放热反应，伴随着反应的进行，温度是升高的，反应温度不超过 510℃，本设计控制温度在 500℃左右。 本设计着重于以下六个部分的设计：氯化反应器，冷凝器蒸出塔，氯丙烯精馏一塔，氯丙烯精馏二塔、水洗塔、碱洗塔。氯丙烯通过采用两步蒸馏的方法被回收。氯化氢通过水洗塔和碱洗塔被吸收。 本文主要阐述了氯丙烯在国民经济中的地位和作用、工业生产方法、生产原理、工艺流程。采用Aspen plus对主要设备如：混合器、反应器、环氧氯丙烷吸收塔、环氧氯丙烷解吸塔，冷凝器，脱轻组分塔等进行物料衡算和热量横算，对氯丙烯反应器，进料-产品第一换热器，冷却器等几个设备进行热量衡算，并对氯丙烯反应器和换热器进行设备计算。确定了操作参数、设备类型和材质，使用CAD绘制相应的工艺流程图。最后对此工艺过程可能存在的安全隐患及相应措施做了简要说明。 关键词: 氯丙烯; 环氧氯丙烷; 高温氯化反应器;精馏塔 Abstract The design was done based on annual output of 3600 tons of the allyl chloride of epichlorohydrin design section. The primary use of epichlorohydrin was in the production of epoxy resins used in coatings, adhesives, and plastics, Which is also used in the manufacture of synthetic glycerine, textiles, paper, inks and dyes, solvents, surfactants and pharmaceuticals. Epichlorohydrin is also listed as an inert ingredient in commercial pesticides. The direct high temperature chlorination of propylene continues to be the primary route for the commercial production of allyl chloride. The reaction results in allylchloride selectivity of 75-80% from propylene and about 75% from chlorine. Additionally, a significant by-product of this reaction, 1,3-dichloropropene, which used as an effective insecticides for the creation of a very high economic value. This method also has certain shortcomings, such as remaining by-product include 1,2-dichloropropane, 2-chloropropene and 2-chloropropane. In this design, the direct high temperature chlorination of propylene was used.