语法专项复习四.docVIP

语法时态和语态动词的时态时态是谓语动词所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。英语动词常见的九种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。（）一般过去时1. 表示过去某一特定时间所发生的、可完成的动作或状态，常与表示确切过去时间的词、短语或从句连用。例如： We went a very interesting film last night. 2. 表示过去习惯性动作。例如： I used to do my homework in the library.（）过去进行时 过去进行时表示一个过去的动作发生时或发生后，另一个过去的动作正在进行，或表示过去反复的习惯，常与always，continually，constantly等动词连用。例如： We were discussing the matter when the headmaster entered. Whenever I visited him, he was always writing at the desk. （）过去完成时表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如： 　 We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in. 　 By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles. 动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时，表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如： 　 I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away. 另外两种表示过去想做而未做的事的表达方式是： was / were + to have done sth. 例如： We were to have come yesterday, but we couldnt.intended/expected/hoped/meant/planned/supposed/wished/wanted/desired+ to have done sth. 如：　 I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so. 过去完成时常用于以下固定句型： 　 hardly, scarcely, barely +过去完成时+ when +过去时。例如： 　 Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. 　 no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。例如： 　 No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me. 　 by (the end of ) +过去时间，主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如：　 The experiment had been finished by 4 oclock yesterday afternoon. (四) 一般过去将来时 1. 一般过去将来时的形式 hould / would+ 动词原形was / were + 动词-ing形式 2. 一般过去将来时常用于宾语从句中，其主语的谓语动词为过去时态，可表示从过去某时看来将要发生的事情，如： He said that he would speak at the meeting. He was sixty-eight. In two years he would be seventy.动词的语态主动语态被动语态当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式叫主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语的形式叫被动语态。被动语态由助动词be +过去分词构成，时态通过 be 表现出来。例如： 一般过去时：The window was broken by 过去进行时：The new tool was being made. 过去完成时：He said that the work had been finished. 过去将来时：He said that trees would be planted. (二) 一些特殊的被动结构 带情态动词的被动结构：? The problem must be solved soon. 这个问题必须尽快解决。 带不定式的被动结构： Betty