三级英语语法 非谓语动词复习.docVIP

非动 词 非谓语动词有三种，即:不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词既有动词的性质，又有非动词的性质，也就是说:有时态和语态的变化;有名词、形容词和副词的性质，能在句中作主语、宾语、补语、定语和状语等;非谓语动词可以有自己的逻辑主语;非谓语动词的否定式形式是在其前面加not。动词不定式 1).不定式的一般式即: to + V.所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时发生的或是在其后发生的;如: Thousands?of?young?people?are?learning?to?ski.He?hesitated?in?order?to?choose?the?right?word.2).不定式的进行式即: to + be + V.ing所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作是 同时的，而且是正在进行着。如: They?seem?to?be?getting?along?quite?well.不定式的完成式即: to?have?+?V.ed用来表示先于谓语动词发生的动作或状态，to?have?+?V.ed表示动作，to?have?been表示状态。一般用在intended，expected，meant，hoped，promised，wanted，planned，wished，thought，was，were等之后表示过去没有实现的愿望、计划或期待等。如: I?intended?to?have?come?to?see?you.（我本来打算去看你的）。不定式的完成进行式即: to?have?been + V.ing表示动作在谓语动词之前发生，而且一直进行着。如: She?was?happy?to?have?been?staying?with?his?aunt.????每个不定式短语都有其逻辑主语，如果逻辑主语是动作的发出者，不定式用主动式; 如果其逻辑主语是动作的承受者，不定式用被动式。如:???The?doctor?recommended?him?to?air?the?room.（主动）????The?doctor?recommended?the?room?to?be?aired.（被动）It was careless of you ____your bike unlocked outside all night A. to leave B. left C. to have left D. had left (答案：C) 2. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ___in my new job . A. expected B. to expect C. to expect D. expects (答案：B) 3. The committee planned to ___the problem , but failed to do so . A. solving B. to solve C. have solved D. have be solved (答案：C) 4. He was very glad ___chairman of the students ’union . A. having been elected B. being elected C. to be elected D. to have been elected (答案：D) 5. Charles Babbage is generally considered　___ the first computer.　A. to invent　 B. inventing　 C. to have invented　 D. having invented　 (答案：A) 2. 不定式的符号to在一些特殊情况下经常被省略在had?better，would?rather，rather?than，would?sooner，cannot?but，cannot?help?but，do?nothing?but，might（just）as?well，do?nothing?than（save，except）等结构后不用to。????They?would?rather（would?sooner，had?rather，had?sooner）die?than?surrender.他们宁死也不投降。She?cant?do?anything?but?ask?silly?questions