呼吸系统解剖和生理文档.pptVIP

* The bronchial tree beneath the larynx is the beginning of bronchial tree the first part is the trachea (later more) at the end of the trachea is the first segmentation into the right and the left main bronchus this segmentation is called bifurcation the right main bronchus is steeper, shorter and more wide than the left one the left main bronchus forms an angel of 90? with the trachea the main bronchus splitts into 3 lobes (bronchus) on the right side and only into 2 lobes (bronchus)on the left side another segmentationtakes place into the so called segment bronchi, we will find 10 of them on the right side and only 8 of them on the left side the bronchial tree splitts again from the bronchioli till the bronchioli respiratorii from the trachea till the smalleat structures of the bronchial tree it splitts 23 times at the end of the bronchial tree we will find the alveoli the interior layer of the trachea and the bronchial tree consists of a ciliated epithelium and a glandula epithelium; a mucous layer is covering the ciliae and consists of a fluid sol layer(surrounding the ciliae) and a superficial gel layer (adhere foreign particles and microorganisms); another task of these mucous layer is to moisture the inspired air the fluid sol layer is necessary for the ciliae to be freely mobile; the ciliary beat is directed towards the mouth and enables foreign particles and microorganisms to be removed Coughing The bronchial tree does`t paticipate in the gas exchange, the only purpose is for transportation the air and that`s why it is called the anatomic dead space; it amounts 1,5-2 ml/kgbw * Die Trachea Die Trachea ist bei einem Erwachsenen ca 10-12 cm lang. Sie beginnt direkt hinter dem Kehlkopf und reicht bis zur Aufteilung in den rechten und linken Hauptbronchus, der so genannten Bifurkation oder Carina. Die Stabilit?t der Trachea wird durch ca.15-20 C-f?rmigen Knorpelspangen gew?hrleistet. Die ?ffnung der Knorpelspangen zeigt nach hinten, so dass bei einem Blick