流体力学英文版part2.pptVIP

Fluid Statics Study of fluid at rest, i.e. not in motion or not flowing On any plane, shear force is zero (no velocity gradient or shear deformation) hence only pressure forces exist Pascal’s Law For fluid at rest, pressure at a point is the same in all direction P = Px = Py = Pz Proving Pascal’s Law Basic Hydrostatic Equationfor Pressure Field Body of fluid in equilibrium : ? Fy = 0 P.A + W = (P + dP) . A P.A + ? g A dh = (P + dP) A dP/dh = ? g = ? dP/dy = - ? g = - ? Incompressible Fluid Pressure Difference between two points in a body of fluid dP/dh = ? g dP = ? g dh Integrating from P1 to P2 : If fluid is incompressible and homogeneous ? = constant P2 – P1 = ? g (h2 – h1) = ? g (? h) Incompressible Fluid Definition of Pressure Head Example Pressure at liquid interface Pressure Measurement Atmospheric Pressure Manometers Manometer Calculation Piezometer Tube Differential U-tube Pressure and force on a small plane area Hydrostatic thrust on a plane (flat) surface Hydrostatic Thrust on a Plane (flat) Surface Line of Action of Thrust F Line of Action of Thrust F Summary :Thrust on Plane Surface Properties of common shapes Concept of Pressure Prism Pressure Prism Effect of Atmospheric Pressure Pressure on Surfaces Thin weightless plate submerged in water Thrust on surface in contact with liquid Rectangular Vertical Surface Inclined Rectangular Surface Horizontal Plane Surface Summary :Thrust on Plane Surface Example : Circular Surface Example : Circular Gate Hydrostatic Thrust on Curved Surface Inclined Plane L Gate Direction of Thrust Example Example Example Example Buoyancy Force Buoyancy Force Buoyancy Force : Summary Example Example Stability : Fully submerged body Stability : Floating body Stability : Floating body Stability : Floating body Example Magnitude : F = ? g A hc ?y = Ic / Ayc For circle : Ic = ? D4 / 64 ?y = (? D4 / 64) / (? D2 /4