(精选)CHARACTERIZATION OF PROCARYOTIC CELLS INNER STRUCTURES IN BACTERIA教学课件.pptVIP

Tetracyclines Tetracyclines inhibit protein synthesis. These drugs are usually administered orally. Doxycycline and minocycline are more completely absorbed than tetracycline and oxytetracycline, resulting in higher serum concentration and less gastrointestinial upset because there is less inhibition of normal gut microflora. Tetracyclines are used for treatment of infection caused by mycoplasmas, chlamydiae and rickettsiae. Tetracyclines are active against a wide variety of different bacterial species, but their use is now restricted by widespread resistance. Tetracyclines Toxicity Suppresion of normal gut flora causes gastrointestinal upset, diarrhoea and encourages overgrowth by resistant and undesirable bacteria (e.g. Staphylococcus aureus) and fungi (e.g. Candida sp.). Interference with bone devolopment and brown staining of teeth occurs in the foetus and in children and thus these drugs should be avoid in pregnancy and in children under 8 years of age. Systemic administration may cause liver damage. Resistance is common, due partly to the widespread use of these drugs in humans and also to their use as growth promoters in animal feedstuffs. Chloramphenicol The drug is well absorbed when given orally, but can be given intravenously if the patient cannot take drug by mouth. Topical drugs are also available. It is well distributed in the body and penetrates host cells. Chloramphenicol is metabolised in the liver by conjugation with glucuronic acid to yield a microbiologically inactive form that is excreted by the kidneys. Chloramphenicol Uses Chloramphenicol is active against a wide variety of bacteria species both gram?positive and gram?negative, aerobes and anaerobes, including intracellular microorganisms such chlamydiae and rickettsiae. It achieves satisfactory concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid and is valuable in the treatment of bacterial meningitis. Topical drugs are used for eye infections. Chloramphenicol Toxicity It is rare but seri