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生物化学Chapter1下
2002年
科学出版社
356 pages
701 pages, with over
7000 references cited!
The Foundations of Biochemistry (Chapters 1-2)
To be lectured by
Professor Zengyi Chang
(昌增益 教授)
March 3, 2006
Living organisms are classified into various types
Inhabit extreme
environments
Common
progenitor
Organisms can be classified into
three domains based on genetic
relationships
Organisms can also be classified based on their biochemical differences (energy and carbon sources)
Energy
sources
Carbon sources
Major features of
living organisms
Living organisms differ from inanimate objects in certain aspects
Being chemically complex and highly organized.
Extract, transform and use energy (matter) from their environment (metabolism, being never at equilibrium with their environment ).
Be capable of precise self-reproduction and self-assembly (heredity and self-perpetuation).
Being able to sense and respond to alterations in their surroundings.
Being formed by evolution.
Life depends on creating duplicating order in a chaotic environment.
Cell is the structural and functional unit of living organisms
made up of thousands of different types of molecules in highly
organized self-assembled structures.
The whole is greater than the sum of the parts!
Fig. 3-26
Universal
features of
a living cell.
Cellular Foundations:
Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic Cells
Cells are the basic structural and functional life units where biomolecules are produced (and degraded) and function, with thousands of biochemical reactions occur in regulated ways.
Biomolecules and biochemical reactions are
meaningful only when viewed in the context
of biological structure!
Prokaryotic (“before nucleus”) cells lack an internal membrane system (i.e., having no organelles).
Escherichia coli
(E. coli) is
the best-studied
prokaryote.
Cytoplasm
Contains many metabolic
enzymes and metabolites.
An E. coli cell
in dividing
The cytoplasm (shown being E. coli) is crowded with
all types of biomolecules or biomole
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