英语双学位欧洲文化复习提纲.docVIP

1.)。Minoan culture 2600 BC-1400BC Minotaur——Theseus and Ariadne : Ariadene fell in love with Thesues and gave him a sword and also a thread to help him find him way back out of the labyrinth. Thesues killed Minotaur abandoned Ariadene，failed to change the ship’s black sail to a white one, which had been agreed as the signal for success. His father saw the black sail and thought his son was dead ,so he threw himself into the sea. Labyrinth: a common metaphor in western literature to do with confusion and entrapinent Minotaur: a symbol of brutality and danger Mycenae culture: great fortresses, lion gate, many huge underground, royal tombs Agamemnon was murdered by his wife, Clytemnestra, and her lover, Aegisthus, when he returned afeter the ten-year Trojan War. 2. )Trojan War: caused when the Trojan prince Paris took Helen, the wife of the king of Sparta, back to Troy with him. Greeks Agamemnon Menelaus The king of Sparta, Menelaus is the husband of Helen, the cause celebre of the war. He tries to win Helen back by fighting Paris in single combat but Aphrodite carried Paris off when it seems that Menelaus will win. Despite his notionally equal say in commanding the troops with his brother Agamemnon, in practice Agamemnon often dominates. Achilles This swift-footed warrior is the greatest on the Greek side. His father is Peleus, a great warrior in his own right, and his mother is Thetis, a sea nymph. The consequences of Achilles rage at Agamemnon for confiscating his geras (prize of honor) are the subject of the Iliad. Achilles kills Hector, but is killed by a poisoned arrow in the heel, the only vulnerable place on his body. Patroclus Achilles foster brother and closest friend. Although Patroclus is a formidable hero, he is valued for his kind and gentle nature. Patroclus is killed by Hector while wearing the armor of Achilles. Odysseus This son of Laertes is known for his cleverness and glib tongue. His accomplishments include a successful night raid against K