Experimental actity at Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics 在应用数学研究所克尔德什实验活性.docVIP

INTRODUCTION Passive Magnetic Attitude Control System (PMACS) is one of the most common attitude control system implemented on board of small satellites launched in orbit to perform low cost or high risk scientific experiments [1,2]. The aim of a nanosatellite use is to test in orbit new technology and to check ideas under a limited budget and short time for a development [3, 4, 5, 6]. Students of the School of Aerospace Engineering of University “La Sapienza” of Rome and Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology participate in development of PMACS [7, 8]. Choice of attitude control system is based on mission requirements, mission profile, requirements of the scientific instrumentation and requirements of satellite angular motion. In many cases, in actual fact the microsatellite or nanosatellite does not require high precision of orientation or complicated manoeuvres during the flight. Additionally, it can be preferable to avoid movable parts and to limit consume of energy and resources of the satellite and at long last another important requirement can be that the system is as low cost as possible. PMACS satisfies all these requirements [1, 9]. Usually it consists of a strong permanent magnet and energy dissipation system based on magnetic hysteresis rods. Axis of the permanent magnet is aligned with the oriented axis of the satellite in order to provide a restoring torque which aligns the satellite with Earth magnetic field. During motion of the satellite along the orbit the magnetic field direction changes, consequently the satellite oscillates around the direction of the magnetic field. To reduce amplitude of the oscillations a set of hysteresis rods in the equatorial plane of the permanent magnet is used as an energy dissipating system [8, 10]. This system provides also an initial dissipation to reduce oscillations due to ejection from a launcher [8]. The rods are made from magnetically soft material and their parameters depend strongly on manufacturing proces