The Social Identity Perspective社会认同的视角.docVIP

Some Current Issues in Research оn Social Identity and Self- categorization Theories (In N. Ellemers, R. Spears, B. Doojse (Eds.), Social identity: Context, commitment, content (pp. 6–34). Oxford: Blackwell.) John C. Turner Introduction Social identity and self-categorization theories embody a theoretical and research tradition which now stretches back over a quarter of a century to the beginning of the 1970s. In l971 Tajfel and his colleagues (Tajfel, Flament, BilligBundy, 1971) published the results of their studies in the minimal group paradigm; and a year later Tajfel (1972a) published a chapter on social categorization in which he attempted to make sense of the minimal group data by invoking the concept of social identity and the hypothesis of a motive for positive social identity. Nevertheless, social identity theory proper only came into full shape in the mid-1970s, when the more complex elaborations of the theory which had been steadily developing (e.g., Tajfel, 1974; Turner, 1975) were put into a more systematic and detailed form (Tajfel, 1978a; Tajfel Turner, 1979).By the late 1970s issues arising from social identity theory and research had helped to stimulate the ideas which subsequently became self-categorization theory (Turner, 1978a, 1982, 1985); see Turner Oakes, 1989, for a summary of these issues). Self-categorization theory did not just resolve some issues relevant to social identity theory; it also represented a major expansion in the range of applicability of the social identity tradition, from intergroup relations and social conflict into the realm of group processes, stereotyping and social cognition. This process has continued, with social identity and self-categorization ideas also now being applied to the interrelationship of self-concept and personality and in fields other than mainstream social psychology (e.g., Turner Onorato, 1999; Turner Haslam, in press) Social identity and self-categorization theories are, despite some confusion