Management in IndiaRMBhardwajCentral Pollution Control ：在indiarmbhardwajcentral污染控制管理精品.pptVIP

Water Quality Management in India R.M.Bhardwaj Central Pollution Control Board(Ministry of Environment Forests)‘Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun NagarDelhi – 110 032 E-mail : scrmb.cpcb@nic.in, rmbdelhi@yahoo.co.in India at a Glance Area 3.28 million sq km (2% of world’s total ) Population(2001) 1020 million(16% of world’s total) (2005) 1060 million Coordinates 80 4’ and 3706’ North latitudes 6807’ and 97025 East longitudes Climate Tropical (Tropic of cancer divides India two halves) Land Frontier 15,200 km Coastline 7,500 km No.of States/UTs 28 States and 7 Union territories including the National Capital Region of Delhi. Water is Precious and scarce Resource India is one of the wettest country in the world, but rainfall is highly uneven with time and space (with extremely low in Rajasthan and high in North-East) On an average there are only 40 rainy days (100 hours) Out of 4000 BCM rainfall received, about 600 BCM is put to use so far. Water resources are over-exploited resulting in major WQ problems Water use in India (Year 2000) Sector Water use in BCM percent Irrigation 541 85.33 Domestic 42 6.62 Industry 8 1.26 Energy 2 0.32 Other 41 6.47 Total 634 100.00 NATIONAL WATER QUALITY MONITORING PROGRAMME Water quality monitoring in India started in 1978 under GEMS Programme. National programme of Monitoring of Indian National Aquatic Resources started in 1984 with a total of 120 stations in 10 River Basins. Present network comprising of 870 stations extended to 26 states 5 Union Territories. Monitoring done or Quarterly/Monthly/Half Yearly basis. Monitoring network covers 189 Rivers, 53 Lakes, 4 Tanks, 2 Ponds, 3 Creeks, 3 Canals, 9 Drains and 218 wells. Water samples are analysed for 9 Core Parameters (pH, Temperature, Conductivity, DO, BOD, Nitrite, Nitrate, Total Coliform and Faecal Coliform) for all monitoring. 19 General Parameters, 9 Toxic Metals and 15 Pesticides are also analysed once in a year. Frequency