语法unit2.pptVIP

第 2 讲：名词和名词短语 名词分类 1)简单名词、复合名词、派生名词 2)普通名词(个体名词、集体名词;物质名词、抽象名词)和专有名词 3)可数名词和不可数名词 P.40 图解名词分类 名词词组 =(限定词)+(前置修饰词)+名词+(后置修饰词) 可以做主语,主语补语,宾语,宾语补语,同位语,介词补足成分,状语和连词 名词的数 1)规则复数:名词的复数变化规则 2)不规则复数: ⅰ. 通过自身内部元音变换 ⅱ.外来词 ①penny → pence和pennies ②单复同形的名词:deer, sheep, fish, Swiss bracks, headquarters, means, works等 个体名词的数:都是可数名词,有单复数 集体名词的数 物质名词的数 抽象名词的数 专有名词的数 单位词 名词的属格(所有格) 1) of属格 ⅰ.表示无生命物体的名词的所有关系：the roof of the church, the name of the song, the title of the book, the leg of the table ⅱ.当有生命名词后面接短语或从句修饰时，也用of 属格：①What is the name of the boy sitting next to her? 不能说：What is the boy sitting next to her’s name? 2) 加 ’s(加 ’)属格 适用于有生命物和视为有生命物的名词 ①表示时间、距离：today’s newspaper, tomorrow’s weather, tonight’s TV, last night’s storm, a day’s work, a week’s holiday, a week’s absence, a month’s salary, three hours’ delay; I am very tired after a hard day’s work. ; My birthday is in two weeks’ time.; Let’s have ten minutes’ break／a ten-minute break.; My college is fifteen minutes’ride from my home. ②表示重量、度量或价值等：two pounds’ weight, a ton’s weight, a ton’s steel, two dollars’ worth of sugar, ten dollars’ worth of gasoline ③表示国家、城市、国际组织、地理名词等：China’s population; China’s industrial development; America’s West Coast; Jinmao Tower, Shanghai’s tallest building; the city’s weather, the European Union’s exports, the world’s three most famous tenors, the world’s seven wonders, the earth’s surface, the sea’s depth, the moon’s shadow, the suns ray ④用于交通工具及其部件的所属关系：the car’s exhaust, the plane’s engine 2)意义 ⅰ.所有关系 ⅱ.主谓关系 ⅲ.动宾关系 ⅳ.表示来源、类别、时间、度量、价值等 3)用法(了解) 其他 省去名词的所有格：1）若名词所有格所修饰的名词已经出现，则在第二次出现的所有格后的名词可省去，以避免重复。例如：①This bike is mine, not Michael’s(=Michael’s bike). ②This is my room and that is my sister’s. ③I don’t know her name, but I can tell you her husband’s. 2）表示店铺、教堂、学校等公共场所，且一般要在所有格名词前加定冠词the。例如：at the baker’s, at the butcher’s, at the chemist’s, at the florist’s, at the dentist’s, at the doctor’s, yesterday.at the grocer’s ①I want to pay a visit to th