第一章名词性从句.docVIP

第一章 名词性从句 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组。按其句法功能，名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句有连接词that,whether和if，系代词who,whom,whose,what,whatever,whichever ,whoever以及关系副词when,where和how。 （一）主语从句 1、that引导的主语从句既可放在句首，也可以放在句后。但是为了保持了句子的平衡，常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语放在句后。用it作形式主语的that从句有的已形成固定用法和译法。常见的有以下4种搭配关系： （1）It+be+名词+that从句。如： It is a fact that....事实是.... It is common knowledge that...是常识..... It is a question that.....是问题.... It is a pity that......可惜的是.... It is an honor that......非常荣幸.... It is a shame that......真是可耻.... It is a wonder that.....真是个奇迹.... (2) It+be+形容词+that从句。如： It is certain that....很肯定.... It is clear/evident that...很清楚.... It is (un)likely/probable that....很有（不大）可能..... It is better that...最好.... It is natural that......很自然..... （3）It+be+过去分词+that从句。如： It is siad that...据说.... It has been proved that...已证明.... It must be pointed out that...必须指出.... It is demanded that....按要求... It is reported that...据报道.... It is estimated that...据估计.... It is believed that....据认为... 注：以上句型在表示建议、要求、命令等意义时，从句中的谓语动词应加should或用原形。 （4）It+不及物动词+that从句。如： It seems that...好像是.... It happened that...碰巧... It follows that...由此可见.... It matters that...要紧的是.... It occurred that...我想到... It struck me that...我突然想到.... 2、it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构。而it引导的强调句可强调除谓语以外的大多数句子成分。无论强调什么成分，都要求用连接词that（强调人时可用who,whom）当强调部分是状语时也只用that，不用where,when,how,why等。例如： John minght have bought a new book for Marry yesterday.此句可以强调以下4种成分。 It John that/who minght have bought a new book for Marry yesterday.（强调主语） It is a new book that John minght have bought for Marry yesterday.（强调宾语） It is for Marry hat John minght have bought a new book yesterday.（强调目的状语） It was yesterday John minght have bought a new book for Marry（强调时间状语） 3、wh-引导的主语从句 wh-引导的主语从句既可直接放在主语位置，也可用it作形式主语。 Who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear.=It is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident 还不清楚谁对此事负责任。（作主语） When he will come has not been clear= It has not been clear When he will come.他何时来还不清楚。（When引导主语