超声对铝合金凝固传热与组织形成的影响与作用机制_蒋日鹏.pdfVIP

第 43 卷第 10 期 中南大学学报( 自然科学版) Vol.43 No.10 2012 年 10 月 Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology) Oct. 2012 超声对铝合金凝固传热与组织形成的影响与作用机制 蒋日鹏，李晓谦，李开烨，张雪 ( 中南大学 机电工程学院，高性能复杂制造国家重点实验室，湖南 长沙，410083) 摘要：分温度区间段对铝合金熔体实施超声波振动，研究不同阶段导入超声对熔体内部能量传递与铸锭组织的影 响，并探索各个阶段相应的超声作用机制。研究结果表明：超声波作用于固液相区时产生的结晶体谐振效应促使 其冷却速率大幅提高，并有效地细化凝固组织；在高于液相线温度区间，超声热效应使熔体的冷却速率略有降低， 在液相中产生的超声空化效应能够扩大过冷区、提高形核率，取得显著的细晶效果，但这种细晶效果将随施振温 度的提高而逐渐减弱。空化效应与谐振效应是在铝合金凝固过程不同阶段超声细晶的两个主导机制。 关键词：铝合金；超声铸造；凝固组织；冷却速率；空化；谐振 中图分类号：TB559 ；TG249.9 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1672−7207(2012)10−3807−07 Effect of ultrasonic on heat transfer and microstructure formation of aluminum alloy during solidification and its mechanism JIANG Ri-peng, LI Xiao-qian, LI Kai-ye, ZHANG Xue (State Key Laboratory of High Performance Complex Manufacturing, School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China) Abstract: Ultrasonic vibration was imposed on aluminum alloy melt in three different temperature ranges respectively to study its corresponding effect on interior energy transfer and the ingot microstructure and its mechanism. The results show that within the solidus-liquidus temperature, resonance effect of crystal caused by ultrasonic leads to effective refinement of solidification microstructure and a significant increase of cooling rate; while above the liquidus temperature, a minor decrease of cooling rate occurs due to the ultrasonic thermal effect, also grains are well refined for the enlargement of supercooling region and increase of nucleation rate produ