第2讲15至18世纪西方印刷新闻业的下课件幻灯片.ppt

论争的焦点，围绕宪法的制定，代表了阶级利益。就新闻自由、言论自由、和平请愿自由等方面展开斗争。 政党报纸的第二时期（1801－1833） 杰斐逊的新闻自由观，他与汉弥尔顿进行了辩论，坚决要求将出版自由写入《人权法案》。公共舆论会纠正报纸对自由的滥用。 报刊的发展，在党派争论中，各州都出现了报纸，现代杂志也开始出现。 Revolutionary Press:1770-1790 Samuel Adams亚当斯 Boston Gazette Pamphlets Committees of Correspondence 四、法国资产阶级革命与报刊 伏尔泰、卢梭等人的启蒙运动，法国现代精神的塑造 1789-1794：革命初期 ATTACK ON THE BASTILLE Workers and tradesmen of Paris begin to break into arsenals and arm themselves Feared invasion of starving peasants and military repression Stormed ancient fortress of the Bastille on July 14, 1789 All defenders and 98 defenders killed Gave Revolution its baptism in blood Gave French a national holiday THE GREAT FEAR THE END OF THE OLD REGIME National Assembly had no choice but to ratify what the peasants were already doing on their own Had to abolish the Old Regime officially since it had already been destroyed unofficially August 4, 1789 All privileges and exemptions of aristocrats, clergy, cities, guilds and provinces given up during all night session “Feudalism is abolished!” DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN AND CITIZEN I August 26, 1789 人身权利 Brief 17 paragraph blueprint for the new society that would replace the Old Regime Declared that all men are “born free and equal in rights” Life, liberty, security, and resistance to oppression Freedoms of speech and religion guaranteed Freedom could only be taken from a person through due process of law Taxes could only be levied by popular consent and would be based on a person’s ability to pay All men equal before the law and equally eligible for public office DECLARATION OF THE RIGHTS OF MAN AND CITIZEN II Good, brief summary of Enlightenment political principles Abolished absolute monarchy, the nobility, the basic institutions of the Old Regime, and inequality in a few paragraphs Modeled on the American Declaration of Independence and English Bill of Rights Easy to write because of the utter bankruptcy of the Old Regime Freedom and Reason Triumph 革命群众? Recognizable by their cloth