TOFD超声波衍射时差法培训教程幻灯片.pptVIP

* * * * * * In practice however, the maximum error that will ocur on the absolute depth measurement will be limited. Due to the beam spread limitations of the probe the examined zone is limited and the maximum error in this zone will never be higher than about 10 %. The defect height estimation on the other hand will still be accurate since the height is calculated on the basis of two depth measurements.The absolute errors on the depth measurement are almost canceled by this process. A problem can arise for small defects situated at the back-wall. Due to the explained phenomenon they can appear deeper then they really are and thus become lost in the back-wall signal. This is one of the major problems of longitudinal scans and explains the need for tranverse scans, which will be explained later on. But, since the defect is initially not detected, the complete weld should be scanned transversally. And this annulates of course one of the major advantages of the TOFD technique, which is a high inspection speed. However, we will see later that a combination of the TOFD technique with the standard pulse-echo technique can efficiently resolve this, and other shortcommings of TOFD. * For the parallel scan, which is across the weld section, the path to the defect tip varies with the probe position because of the changing of the path lengths. This variation generates an inverted parabola curve which is typical for TOFD parallel scans. The path to the defect reduces to a minimum when the probes are positioned symmetrically over the defect. This allows for an accurate measure of the defect’s depth as discussed earlier. The parallel scan allows also to determine the lateral position of the defect. The minimum wave path indicates the place were both probes are symmetrical positioned over the defect. At this location the defect lies thus straight in the middle of both probes. For this purpose the software enables the drawing of locus curves that will be shown during the de