[国际贸易]实务-练习题与答案Chapter 12.doc

Chapter12 Chapter Summary Using a proper name for the traded good is significant. Currently businessmen usually nominate traded goods with names complying with the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System(HS) of tariff nomenclature. In international transactions, the commonly used ways of describing quality of goods in a contract are sale as seen, sale by sample, sale by description, sale by grade, sale by standard, sale by brand and trade mark, sale by name of origin and sale by descriptions and illustrations. A quality clause usually consists of the name and specifications, grade, or the serial number and date of the sample. Some flexible quality ranges are normally provided in the contract. In the international trade, the systems of weights and measures in common use are metric system, international system, British system and US system. There are two categories of units: metrical units and numbers. The methods of calculating weight are net weight, gross weight, conditioned weight and theoretic weight. The quantity o commodity is a major indispensable clause in a contract. It is very important to stipulate the quantity clause correctly. The more or less clause is a clause which stipulates that the quantity delivered can be more or less within certain extent(range). The main function of transport packing is to protect goods, and make the goods easy to store and ship. In this section, we mainly discuss transport packing. The two types of transport packing are unit packing and unionization(or combined)packing .Marks on transport packing can be divided into shipping mark ,indicative mark, warning mark weight/volume mark and country of origin mark. Shipping mark facilitates the identification and count of the goods in the process of loading and unloading, shipping and storing. The typical shipping mark cover four parts : the English abbreviation of the consignee; reference number, such as order number, invoice number; destination; serial number. Neutral packi