-大型桥梁及施工外文翻译--大跨度桥梁-桥梁设计.doc

Large Span Bridge Suspension Bridge The suspension bridge is currently the only solution in excess of 600 m, and is regarded as competitive for down to 300. The world’s longest bridge at present is the Verrazano Narrows bridge in New York. Another modern example is the Severn Bridge in England. The components of a suspension bridge are: (a) flexible cables, (b) towers, (c) anchorages, (d) suspenders, (e) deck and ，(f) stiffening trusses. The cable normally consists of parallel wires of high tensile steel individually spun at site and bound into one unit .Each wire is galvanized and the cable is cover with a protective coating. The wire for the cable should be cold-drawn and not of the heat-treated variety. Special attention should be paid to aesthetics in the design of the rowers. The tower is high and is flexible enough to permit their analysis as hinged at both ends. The cable is anchored securely anchored to very solid anchorage blocks at both ends. The suspenders transfer the load form the deck to the cable. They are made up of high tensile wires and are normally vertical. The deck is usually orthotropic with stiffened steel plate, ribs or troughs，floor beam, etc. Stiffening trusses, pinned at the towers, are providing. The stiffening system serves to control aerodynamic movements and to limit the local angle changes in the deck. If the stiffening system is inadequate, torsional oscillations due to wind might result in the collapse of the structure, as illustrated in the tragic failure in 1940 of the first Tacoma Narrows The side span to main span ratio varies from 0.17 to 0.50 .The span to depth ratio for the stiffening truss in existing bridge lies between 85 and 100 for spans up to 1,000m and rises rather steeply to 177. The ratio of span to width of deck for existing bridges ranges from 20 to 56. The aerodynamic stability will have be to be investigated thoroughly by detailed analysis as well as wind tunnel tests on models. The cable-stayed bridge During