FLUIDS, ELECTROLYTES, ACID – BASE BALANCE：液体，电解质，酸–酸碱平衡.ppt

下载文档 降价啦

2
0
约1.62万字
约 60页
2018-03-24 发布于重庆
举报
版权申诉
保障服务

FLUIDS, ELECTROLYTES, ACID – BASE BALANCE：液体，电解质，酸–酸碱平衡.ppt

1、本文档共60页，可阅读全部内容。
2、原创力文档（book118）网站文档一经付费（服务费），不意味着购买了该文档的版权，仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用，不得用于商业用途，未经授权，严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等，侵权必究。
3、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传，本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺！文档内容仅供研究参考，付费前请自行鉴别。如您付费，意味着您自己接受本站规则且自行承担风险，本站不退款、不进行额外附加服务；查看《如何避免下载的几个坑》。如果您已付费下载过本站文档，您可以点击这里二次下载。
4、如文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等，请点击“版权申诉”（推荐），也可以打举报电话：400-050-0827(电话支持时间：9:00-18:30)。

FLUIDS, ELECTROLYTES, ACID – BASE BALANCE：液体，电解质，酸–酸碱平衡

Dextrose solutions are only hypertonic until dextrose is metabolized, then reflect underlying solution; often free water or hypotonic. Memory aid: tonic= salt hyper = high salt Nursing diagnoses need to reflect patient issues and Nursing domain NOT electrolyte values or blood gases Examples NRS 105 Collings 2011 * * FLUID OUTPUT REGULATION GI TRACT 3 – 6 LITERS OF ISOTONIC FLUID MOVES INTO THE GI TRACT AND THEN RETURNS TO THE EXTRACELLULAR FLUID SPACE Vomiting increases GI losses + electrolytes 200 ml OF FLUID IS LOST IN THE FECES EACH DAY DIARRHEA CAN INCREASE THIS LOSS NRS 105 Collings 2011 * * REGULATION OF ELECTROLYTES MAJOR CATIONS IN BODY FLUIDS SODIUM (Na+) POTASSIUM (K+) CALCIUM (Ca++) MAGNESIUM (Mg++) NRS 105 Collings 2011 * * REGULATION OF ELECTROLYTES SODIUM REGULATION MOST ABUNDANT CATION IN THE EXTRACELLULAR FLUID MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR TO MAINTAINING WATER BALANCE NERVE TRANSMISSION ** LOC, peripheral REGULATION OF ACID-BASE BALANCE CONTRIBUTES TO CELLULAR CHEMICAL REACTIONS SODIUM IS TAKEN IN VIA FOOD AND BALANCE IS MAINTAINED THROUGH ALDOSTERONE NRS 105 Collings 2011 * * REGULATION OF ELECTROLYTES POTASSIUM REGULATION MAJOR ELECTROLYTE AND PRINCIPLE CATION IN THE INTRACELLULAR FLUID REGULATES METABOLIC ACTIVITIES REQUIRED FOR GLYCOGEN DEPOSITS IN THE LIVER AND SKELETAL MUSCLE REQUIRED FOR TRANSMISSION OF NERVE IMPULSES, NORMAL CARDIAC CONDUCTION AND NORMAL SMOOTH AND SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION REGULATED BY DIETARY INTAKE AND RENAL EXCRETION NRS 105 Collings 2011 * * REGULATION OF ELECTROLYTES CALCIUM REGULATION STORED IN THE BONE, PLASMA AND BODY CELLS 99% OF CALCIUM IS IN THE BONES AND TEETH 1% IS IN EXTRACELLULAR FLUID 50% OF CALCIUM IN THE EXTRACELLULAR FLUID IS BOUND TO PROTEIN (ALBUMIN) 40% IS FREE IONIZED CALCIUM May be measured as Ionized or total Ca NRS 105 Collings 2011 * * REGULATION OF ELECTROLYTES CALCIUM REGULATION CALCIUM IS NECESSARY FOR BONE AND TEETH FORMATION BLOOD CLOTTING HORMONE SECRETION CELL MEMBRANE INTEGRITY CARDIAC CONDUCTIO