PLANT CELL AND TISSUE CULTURE：植物细胞和组织培养.docVIP

PLANT CELL AND TISSUE CULTURE Definition: Plant tissue culture is a practice used to propagate plants under sterile conditions, often to produce clones of a plant. Tissue culture is the term used for “the process of growing cells artificially in the laboratory” (OSMS.otago.ac.nz/main/bursary). It involves both plant and animal cells. Tissue culture produces clones, in which all product cells have the same genotype (unless affected by mutation during culture). Terminology used in Tissue Culture: Aseptic: Free from microorganisms Callus: Undifferentiated, swollen cell mass forming under the influence of elevated plant hormone levels. Etiolation: Yellow and stretched plant; parts elongate until light is intercepted. Explant: Part of an organism used in in vitro culture. in vitro: In glass; as in tissue culture methods Totipotency: The establishment of missing plant organs or parts; formation of a whole plant from a few cells or small portion of a plant. Morphogenesis: Change in shape Plant cell and tissue cultures have two important characteristics; The ability to regenerate normal adult plants from single cells or groups of highly specialized cells, To recapitulate (in many cases) various stages of cell division, differentiation, and morphogenesis undergone by the zygote after normal gametic fusion. Totipotency: is the ability of a single cell to divide and produce all the differentiated cells in an organism, including extra-embryonic tissues. Each cell possesses the genetic information and cellular machinery necessary to generate an entire organism Plasticity: Ability of differentiated cells to undergo trans-differentiation. TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES: Plant cell and tissue culture involves the culture of isolated plant cells or detached fragments of plant tissue on a nutrient medium under aseptic conditions and their subsequent regeneration into functional plants. a. Genotypic response to in vitro propagation Success in plant regeneration from tissue cul