[工学]化工常压塔毕业设计.doc

摘 要 本设计为年产200万吨大庆原油的常压设计。 石油是现代工业的血液，我国的工业生产和经济运行都离不开石油，但是又不能直接作为产品使用，必须经过加工炼制过程，连制成多种在质量上符合使用要求的石油产品，才能投入使用。 原油常减压蒸馏作为原油的一次加工工艺，在原油加工总流程中占有重要作用，在炼厂具有举足轻重的地位，其运行的好坏直接影响到后续的加工过程。其中重要的分离设备—常压塔的设计，是能否获得高收率、高质量油的关键。近年来常减压蒸馏技术和管理经验不断创新，装置节能消耗显著，产品质量提高。但与国外先进水平相比，仍存在较大的差距。 为了更好地提高原油的生产能力，本着投资少，能耗低，效益高的思想对大庆原油进行常压蒸馏设计。设计的基本方案：设计了一个常压一段汽化蒸馏装置，此装置由一台管式加热炉、一个常压塔以及若干台换热器（完善的换热流程应达到要求：充分利用各种余热；换热器的换热强度较大；原油流动压力降较小。）、冷凝冷却器、机泵等组成，在常压塔外侧为侧线产品设汽提塔。流程简单，投资和操作费用较少。原油通过这样的常压蒸馏，一般可得到350—370℃以前的几个馏分，可用作汽油、煤油（航空或灯用、）柴油等产品，也可分别作为重整化工（如轻油裂解）等装置的原料。蒸余的塔底重油可作钢铁或其它工业的燃料。在某些特定的情况下也可以作催化裂化或加氢裂化装置的原料。 关键词： 原油； 常压设计； 换热； 常压塔 Abstract This is mainly on the annual production of 2，000,000 tons of crude oil in Daqing atmospheric design. Oil is one important source of energy, Chinas industrial production and economic operation can not be separated from oil，But as the product can not be directly used, Refining the process must go through processing, and even made a variety of quality in line with the requirements of the use of petroleum products, can be put into use. Atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oil as a crude oil processing technology, the total flow of crude oil processed in an important role, In the refinery plays a decisive role in its operation will have a direct impact on the follow-up process.One of the important separation equipment - atmospheric tower design is the availability of high-yield, high-quality oil in the key.In recent years atmospheric and vacuum distillation technology and management experience continuous innovation, significant consumption of energy-savmpared with fing devices, improving product quality. However, cooreign advanced level, there are still large gaps. To better enhance the production capacity of crude oil, in a small investment, low energy consumption and high efficiency of the thinking of the Daqing oil for atmospheric distillation design.The basic design of the programme: design a section of vaporizationatmosphericdistillation unit,This device fr