基于51单片机的gps接收机 电子技术与单片机专业 .doc

基于51单片机的GPS接收机 摘 要 全球定位系统(GPS)是由美国国防部开发的一种先进的无线电导航系统。该系统能够全天候、全方位的为海陆空用户提供连续的、高精度的三维坐标、三维速度和时间等信息。它所具有的诸多优点是其他导航设备所无法比拟地。现在，GPS接收机作为一种先进的导航和定位仪器，已在军事及民用领域得到广泛的应用。 本设计详细介绍了一种成本低又能满足性能使用要求的经济型GPS接收机的设计方案。此方案基于单片机、GPS模块和1602液晶显示屏等硬件 , 并应用C语言实现了 GPS 信号的提取、显示及基本的键盘控制操作等。经过实践测试 ,这种接收机可以达到基本 GPS信息接收以及显示，可以做到体积小、精度高、连续导航，并可广泛应用于个人野外旅游探险、 出租汽车定位及海上作业等领域。 关键词： GPS，单片机，接收LCD Design of GPS Receiver Based on 51 single chip computer ABSTRACT Global Positioning System(GPS) is the most advanced radio navigation system which was developed by the U.S Department of Defence. The system can be used under any weather conditions, all day long and anywhere on the earth. It can provide land, marine and airborne user with continuous, highly accurate three-dimension position, velocity, time dataetc. It has various advantages that are unexampled other kind of navigation equipment. Now GPS receivers, as a type of advanced equipment on navigation and positioning, have been widely used in both military and civil field. This design introduced in detail one kind of low-cost economy GPS receivers design proposal which can satisfy the performance operation requirements .This plan is based on single chip computer、GPS and 1602 liquid crystal display monitors, and has realized the GPS signal extraction, the demonstration and the basic keyboard control operation and so on using the C language. By practical measurement, the receiver can achieve GPS information receive and display. It has small size and low cost, can be used in wild adventure tourism, taxi positioning and operations at sea. KEY WORDS: GPS，single chip computer，receiver，GR-87，LCD 目　录 前　言 3 第1章 GPS系统简介及设计方案选择 5 1.1 GPS系统简介 5 1.1.1 GPS由来及发展 5 1.1.2 GPS定位基本原理 5 1.1.3 GPS接收机定位流程 6 1.1.4 任务的描述 6 1.2 设计方案选择 6 1.2.1 方案一 7 1.2.2方案二 7 第2章 系统硬件设计 8 2.1单片机 8 2.2 GPS模块 9 2.2.1 概述 9 2.2.2 主要技术参数 9 2.2.3 管脚介绍 9 2.3 显示部分 10 2.4 电源部分 11 2.5 晶体振荡器 11 2.6 键盘部分 12 第3章 系统相关协议介绍 13 3.1 GR-87协议 13 3.1.1 协议简介 13 3.1.2 数据格式 13 3.2串行通信 14 3.2.1 异步通信特点 14 3.2.2 异步通