浮选回收尾矿稀土的试验研究 矿物加工工程专业 .doc

从浮选尾矿中回收稀土的试验研究 摘要 矿产资源是工农业生产所需原料的首要来源。随着社会不断进步和国民经济的不断发展，对原料的需求量与日俱增，从而对矿产资源的开采利用幅度日益加大，导致矿产资源日益枯竭。矿物加工过程中产生大量尾矿，因此，从尾矿中提取有价值元素的研究，对于资源综合利用，提高资源利用率具有重要意义。 内蒙古白云鄂博矿是以铁、稀土、铌和萤石为主，并含有磷、钾、钪等多金属共生的大型矿床，其中稀土氧化物储量近亿吨，居世界第一位。现阶段，白云鄂博基本不生产稀土矿石，包钢所需的稀土原料来自氧化矿选铁尾矿，即使这样每年的稀土回收率也只有5～6%，大量的稀土随尾矿堆置于尾矿坝，造成了稀土资源的极大浪费。本课题组从包钢稀土浮选尾矿中取样，经分析发现其中稀土氧化物的品位为5.8%，有必要进行稀土的再选。 本文以羟肟酸类药剂作为捕收剂，进行了从包钢稀土浮选尾矿中回收稀土的试验研究。考察了药剂制度、矿浆pH、磨矿细度、浮选温度、矿浆浓度等因素对浮选指标的影响。试验结果表明，浮选尾矿由于表面吸附有药剂，目标矿物和脉石矿物间可浮性差异变小，不进行矿物表面预处理时，难以获得理想的浮选指标。用硫化钠进行表面脱药处理，在最佳药剂制度、矿浆pH、磨矿细度、浮选温度和矿浆浓度的条件下，经一次浮选，可得REO品位为34.66%、回收率为44.24%的稀土粗精矿。本文的研究结果为包钢稀土浮选尾矿中稀土资源的回收利用开辟了一条途径。 关键词： 浮选；稀土；综合利用 The experimental study of Relycles the rare earth from the flotation tailing ABSTRACT Industrial and agricultural production of mineral resources is the primary source of raw materials. As society continues to progress and development of the national economy, increasing demand for raw materials, thus the use of mineral resources exploitation rate growing, leading to mineral resources have depleted. Because of the mineral processing produced a large number of mineral processing tailings, therefore, extracted from the tailings are added elements, for comprehensive utilization of resources and improving resource utilization is important. BayanObo in Inner Mongolia is iron ore, rare earth, niobium, and fluorite-based and contains phosphorus, potassium, scandium and many other large deposits of metal symbiosis, in which nearly 100 million tons of rare earth oxide reserves, ranking first in the world. This stage, the Bayan Obo rare earth ore basic does not produce of rare earth, Baotou Steel Rare Earth materials required Tailings from oxide ores, the recovery of rare earth each year is only 5 to