[其他语言学习]历年考研英语翻译真题长难句中词义的正确选择.docVIP

历年考研英语翻译真题长难句中词义的正确选择 　【真题例句】It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive. (2009-46) 　　【结构分析】以分号入手，本句是并列复合句。固定句型It may be said that引出由that引导的名词性从句that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience作主语，物主代词its根据就近原则指代上文any social institution，介词短语in enlarging and improving experience后置作effect的定语。分号后转折并列部分代词this (effect)承接上文 its effect in enlarging and improving experience，之后物主代词its(its original motive)的再度出现仍然指代句首交代的any social institution。 　　【词义选择】介宾结构in enlarging and improving experience部分，宾语部分为动名词短语，enlarge和improve的宾语是experience(经验)，所以分别译为(enlarge) “丰富”而不是“扩大”;improve译为“提升”而不是“改善”。 　　【参考译文】或许可以说，任何社会机构的价值衡量尺度是它在丰富和提升经验方面所起到的作用，但这种作用并非是它原来动机的一部分。 　　【真题例句】Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. (2009-47) 　　【结构分析】以and为切入点，本句是并列句。两个并列分句中，均提前了only+副词(作状语)构成部分倒装，并都表现了被动语态。前一部分我们可还原正常语序为the byproduct of the institution was noted only gradually; 后一部分我们可还原为this effect was still considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution only more gradually。代词this(effect)指代上文整句内容the byproduct of the institution was noted only gradually。 　　【词义选择】conduct可指“行为，品行，处理，经营等”，根据后置的定语of the institution(机构的)，我们选择“运行”作为conduct在本句的词义。两次出现的副词gradually都作表语，根据整体句意，尤其是后句的more gradually，我们将其译为“缓慢地，慢慢地”。 　　【参考译文】慢慢的，社会机构的这种副产品才被人们注意到，而要把它作为机构运行的指导性因素，则更加缓慢得多。 　　【真题例句】While it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition, it is not so easy as in dealing with adults. (2009-48) 　　【结构分析】本句结构清晰，while引导让步状语从句While it is easy to…，其中it作形式主语，不定式短语to ignore…是真正的主语，in our contact with them 在句子中是介词短语作状语，表现为分隔结构，分离了ignore和它的宾语the effect of our acts upon their disposition，我们可还原为to ignore the effect of our acts upon their disposition in our