土木工程专业英语10精品.pptVIP

10 Reinforcement * Any material specified for use as a reinforcement to concrete must fulfill certain requirements if an economic structural member is to be constructed. These basic requirements are: 如果要制造较经济的结构构件，任何规定用于增强混凝土的材料都必须满足一定的要求。这些基本要求是： * Tensile strength. 抗拉强度。 Must be capable of achieving this tensile strength without undue strain. 在不发生大变形的条件下即可以获得此抗拉强度。 Be of a material that can be easily bent to any required shape. 这种材料易于弯曲至任意形状。 Its surface must be capable of developing an adequate bond between the concrete and the reinforcement to ensure that the required design tensile strength is obtained. 表面能产生合适的混凝土和增强材料之间的粘结层，以确保发挥要求的设计抗拉强度。 * A similar coefficient of thermal expansion is required to prevent unwanted stresses being developed within the member due to temperature changes. 要求具有相近的热胀系数，以避免因温度变化在构件内产生有害的应力。 Availability at a reasonable cost which must be acceptable to the overall design concept. 经济上合理适用，必须由总体设计概念所接受。 * The material which meets all the above requirements is steel in the form of bars, and is supplied in two basic types, namely mild steel and high yield steel. Hot rolled steel bars are covered by BS 4449 which specifies a characteristic strength of 250 N/mm2 for mild steel and 410 N/mm2 for high yield steel. 满足上述要求的材料是棒形钢材，市场上具有两种基本形式，即低碳钢（含碳0.04%的热轧钢）和高强钢。热轧钢筋在BS4449中做了规定，低碳钢表面的特征强度为250N/mm2，高强钢的特征强度为410N/mm2。 * The surface of mild steel provides adequate bond but the bond of high yield bars, being more critical with the higher stresses developed, is generally increased by rolling on to the surface of the bar longitudinal or transverse ribs. 低碳钢表面可以提供合适的结合层，但高强度钢结合力随着应力增大而更加重要，这种结合力一般是通过在钢筋纵向或横向轧制肋棱而提高的。 1.?决定性的, 关键性的, 危急的；2.?批评的, 批判的；3.?批判性的；挑剔的；4.? 极重要的；至关紧要的；5.?严重的；不稳定的；可能有危险的；6. ?紧要的，关键性的，决定性的，…… * As an alternative to hot rolled steel bars, cold worked steel bars complying with BS 4461 can be used. When bars are cold worked they become harder, stiffer and develop a higher tensile strength, this being 460 N/mm2 for bars up to