柴油机工作原理(双语教学)技术方法.pptVIP

第二讲 船舶柴油机的工作原理Lesson 2 How Does a Marine Engine Work ;Review： 1.船舶柴油机的基本特征 往复式 reciprocating 压缩发火 ignition by compression 内燃机 internal-combustion engine 2.船舶柴油机的分类 根据工作循环(working cycle)： 二冲程 two stroke（what is a stroke?） 四冲程 four stroke 根据结构特征： 筒形活塞式 trunk piston diesel 十字头式 Crosshead diesel ;;New lesson: The working principle of marine diesel engine ;工作循环：柴油机做一次功，或者两次喷油间的运转过程叫一个工作循环，它由一些程序固定的过程组成。 The process that a engine do a complete work, or process between two fuel injections is called a working cycle, which consists of a fixed sequence of events. ;进气;suction 吸气行程; expansion 膨胀作功行程;动画;intake advance angle ;summary : For a four stroke engine, a recycle takes 2 revolution (720 CA) of crankshaft and 1 revolution of camshaft. The speed ratio of camshaft to crankshaft is 1 to 2. the working cycle is the third one. ;二、二冲程柴油机工作原理two stroke engine working principle;2、二冲程机;The two-stroke cycle begins with the piston coming up from the bottom of its stroke, i.e. bottom dead center (BDC), with the air inlet ports or scavenge ports(扫气口) in the sides of the cylinder being opened;As the piston moves about one fifth of the way up, it closes the inlet ports and the exhaust ports. The air is then compressed as the piston moves up. ;When the piston reaches the top of its stroke, i.e. the top dead center (TDC), both the pressure and the temperature of the air rise to very high values. ;The fuel injector injects a fine spray of fuel into the hot air and combustion take place, producing much higher pressure in the gases. ;The piston is forced(迫使) downward as the high pressure gases expand until it uncovers the exhaust ports. ;In the two-stroke engine, each revolution of the crankshaft(曲轴) makes one power or working stroke, while in the four-stroke engine, it takes two revolutions to make one power stroke. ;3二冲程机工作循环的表示方法 1）p-v示功图; ;