[工学]02_RandomVariable.pptVIP

Random Variable Why We Need RV Frequently, when an experiment is performed, we are interested mainly in some function of the outcome as opposed to the actual outcome itself. (tossing dice) Random variables focus on what we concern with. Sometimes, they may be the sum of results of independant trials; sometimes, they may be the minimum of results of independant trials. Random Variable Usually, these quantities of interest in real probability problems, or, more formally, these real-valued functions defined on the sample space, are random variables. Suppose that our experiment consists of 3 fair coins. If we let Y denote the number of heads that appear, then Y is a random variable taking on one of the values 0,1,2 and 3 with respective probabilities. Example 01 A factory produces a certain component of a car. Suppose the reject rate of produce is 0.03 and we produce 100 components, what is the probability of producing 2 rejected products in the process ? What is the probability of producing more than 2 rejected products in the process ? Discrete Random Variable Toss a dice, if we use random variable represent the displayed number, then the value of is limited as 1,2,3,4,5,6. In this case, the range of value of RV is discrete. If we consider the arrival time of a bus, it is more complex. Usually, we hold that the RV is continuous. However, we know time is unitized by hour, minute, second. As a result, we view it under actual situation. Distribution Law - probability mass function We have introduced the important role of RV in practical problems. For discrete RV, we want to make sure the probability of all possible values of RV. Because once we get it, we can grasp almost all unchanged information of uncertain problems on RV which is just what we concern with. Actually, a distribution law concentrate all information we want to know. Example 02 - To toss 2 dices What we concern is the sum of two displayed numbers. Example 03 - To flip 3 coins What we conce