资源保护与回收法资料.pptVIP

In the USA, 98% of all lead acid batteries are recycled. In 2000, an estimated 13 percent of cadmium consumption in the United States was sourced from recycled cadmium, which is derived mainly from old scrap or, to lesser degree, new scrap. 镍镉电池 Problems Facing Battery Recyclers: Not profitable yet! 1. No steady flow of batteries 2. Sorting is labor intensive 3. Buy batteries from suppliers 4. Cost for transportation and preparation Recyclers claimed: 无稳定的供应 分选耗费劳力 购买费 运输与预备费用 无利润 电池回收商的困难 Recycling of cadmium began in 1989 as a byproduct of processing of spent nickel-cadmium batteries. In 1995, International Metals Reclamation Co. Inc. expanded its operations by building a dedicated cadmium recycling plant. In 2000, an estimated 13 percent of cadmium consumption in the United States was sourced from recycled cadmium, which is derived mainly from old scrap or, to lesser degree, new scrap. The easiest forms of old scrap to recycle are small spent nickel-cadmium batteries followed by flue dust generated during recycling of galvanized steel and small amounts of alloys that contain cadmium. Most of new scrap is generated during manufacturing processes, such as nickel-cadmium battery production. All other uses of cadmium are in low concentrations and, therefore, difficult to recycle. For cadmium recyclers, most of the profit is in the fees collected from suppliers, not in the price of produced cadmium. 镉回收 镍镉电池 In the USA, 98% of all lead acid batteries are recycled. Lithium (metal) batteries contain no toxic metals, however, there is the possibility of fire if the metallic lithium is exposed to moisture while the cells are corroding Battery recyclers claim that if a steady stream of batteries, sorted by chemistry, were available at no charge, recycling would be profitable. But preparation and transportation add to the cost. Nickel-metal-hydride yields the best return. It produces enough nickel to pay for the process National consumption of