[工学]基于直接转矩变频器系统的设计与实现.docVIP

摘 要 近年来由于交流传动系统取得了长足的发展，具备了宽调速范围、高稳态精度、快速动态响应以及四象限运行等良好的技术性能，其动静态特性完全可以和直流传动系统相媲美，被人们追求了多年的“交流传动取代直流传动”的目标即将变成现实。交流传动系统之所以有如此大的进步，主要得益与电力电子、微电子学和控制理论的惊人发展，尤其是先进控制策略的成功应用。 通过分析交流传动系统的工作原理可知：在各种异步电机调速系统中，效率最高，性能最好的是变压变频调速系统。其主要控制方式有：恒压频比控制方式，转差频率控制方式，矢量控制方式和直接转矩控制方式。由于直接转矩控制方式采用定子磁链定向，对电机参数依赖较小所以具有控制手段直接、结构简单、性能优良的特点，备受人们关注并不断得到发展和完善。克服了传统直接转矩控制中采用施密特触发器而产生转矩波动大的不足，设计集中开关状态选择器，利用控制芯片实现数字化控制。此外，在控制电路则选用MCS-96系列的80C196MC单片机微处理器作为控制芯片，并以此为核心配置了检测、键盘显示等相应的外围电路，使其拥有完整的保护机能和故障自诊断功能。 本文对单片机控制核心80C196MC作了重点研究，利用该处理器实现了变频器的多种功能。它的PTS和EPA模式实现对外部六路信号的自动检测和对键盘输入信号检测，使得系统功能的实现非常灵活方便。 关键词: 变频器；直接转矩控制；单片机 Abstract The system of AC drive system developing quickly in recent years, have good technique functions, such as the scope of adjusting speed broadly, high steady accuracy, fast dynamic respond and four quadrants circulate etc, its dynamic and static characteristic can match with the system to move to spread with direct current in excellence completely, the target of exchanges spreads to move to replace the direct current to spread to move that was pursued for many years is becoming realistic soon. The system of the exchanges spreads to move makes progress; mainly depend on the astonishing development of electric power electronics, microelectronics and controls theories, particularly successful application of the forerunner control strategy By analyzing the system Spread to move, we know that variable-voltage- frequency timing system (VVVF) is the best in all kinds of AC drive system. VVVF control model includes mainly constant voltage–frequency control, speed drop frequency control, vector control and direct torque control (DTC). Because DTC introduces stator flux oriented control which is independent of motor parameter and this kind of control which is developed to be perfect has advantages of structure simple and property goodness, this paper, principle of DTC is presented at first. Then, this paper introduces digitized DTC method to choice the state of switch of the inverter