跨国公司的全球化育种策略幻灯片.ppt

* * * * * * * * 数 * * * * * The GN Crossbred program incorporates Contemporary crossbred information in EBV calculations to increase the accuracy of selection for commercial crossbred improvement objectives Not all farms are created equal. This program accounts for G x E interaction in traits such as growth where up to 40% of genetic expression is dependent upon the environment. This program allows improves difficult or impossible to measure traits in GN animals—traits such as reproduction, mortality, congenital defects and meat quality at the time of selection. --------------------------------- The improvement objective is performance of crossbred PIC genetics in commercial settings Sire-line GN crossbred program started in 2003 20,000+ market pigs per year in commercial herds Accelerates sire line improvement by ~25% Dam-line GN crossbred program started in 2006 19,000+ gilts per year 80,000 litters per year Expected to accelerates dam line improvement by ~20% per year Data from crossbred pigs added to PICtraq? Database Data are tied together with 25 generations of pedigree information If translated into human terms, would trace back to the 13th Century! * * * Try to add some images to make this closer to the previous slide I have thrown some in * * * * * * * * * 23 23 * * * * * * * 分子育种技术的应用 标记作用的大小和数量是关键 表型和DNA样本的积累 我国的两大瓶颈 　　　数量遗传与生物技术的结合越来越紧密 不断增加的分子标记应用 生物技术 常规生产性能 肉质 抗病性 产仔数 个体鉴定 数量遗传 严格的数量遗传选择 50年 20年 猪的选种 性能测定是关键 标记作用的大小和数量是关键 Marker Discovery 发掘标记 DNA 多态性 (发现基因)+ 表型 2005: PICtraq 中有 200万 DNA 测试结果 1990s 标记的应用 关注单个标记 (HAL, ESR, RN, DR2, MC4R, CAST …) “High Definition Genotyping” (HDG) and MA-BLUP (标记辅助BLUP) 分子标记已在育种中常规应用 生产性状 抗病 肉质 品种鉴定 繁殖 2003年起每天对计算EBV的有关性状更新对标记效应的估计 性状 DNA 标记 平均全程日增重 (热胴体重) 14 测定期平均日采食量 12 背膘厚 17 眼肌深度 13 pH24 14 颜色 (Minolta L*) 8 断奶前死亡率 (子猪性状) 12 保育期死亡率 12 生长肥育期死亡率 14 疝气 2 腿部打分 14 大理石花纹 8 产仔总数 11 死胎 13 仔猪存活率 (母猪性状) 10 断奶窝重 8 母猪死亡率 3 185个 DNA 标记用于估计性状育种值 (MA-BLUP) , 另外有大量标记