慢性阻塞性肺疾病第八版.ppt

Changes in large airways of COPD patients. The epithelium often shows squamous metaplasia and there is goblet cell and submucosal gland hyperplasia, resulting in mucus hypersecretion. The airway wall is infiltrated with macrophages and CD8+ lymphocytes, whereas neutrophils predominate in the airway lumen and around submucosal glands. Airway smooth muscle and basement membrane are minimally increased compared to the findings in asthma. Changes in small airways in COPD patients. The airway wall is thickened and infiltrated with inflammatory cells, predominately macrophages and CD8+ lymphocytes,