城市社区服务ppp模式外文文献翻译.doc

外文文献翻译 原文及译文 (本文档归max118网hh2018所有，仅供下载使用) 标题：Community Welfare Services in Urban China: A Public-Private Experiment（城市社区福利服务：公私合作PPP模式） 作者： JOHN F. JONES 期刊： Journal of Chinese Political Science, 第9卷, 第2期 年份： 2014 字数： 译文6000多字 原文 Community Welfare Services in Urban China: A Public-Private Experiment JOHN F. JONES BACKGROUND The reform in China was predominantly economic reform when started in 1978. It has gradually transformed the nation’s centrally planned economy into a market oriented one. In 1992, the Chinese government and the CCP declared that the goal of the reform was to build a “socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics”. Quite apart from its economic impact, this interpretation affected various dimensions of China’s society. One of them was the social welfare system. The welfare system, especially in its urban component, has taken on a wholly new aspect. The reform of the urban social welfare system was inevitable since it was no longer compatible with China’s new socialist market economy. The pre-reform urban welfare system was directly supported by the state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and other publicly subsidized entities. The distribution of all welfare benefits for urban citizens was previously linked to a particular employer or work unit because employment was in theory and practice almost always permanent. The welfare provisions included job security, housing, medical services, child care, and elderly care. These provisions were secure as long as the government mandated full employment in those industries that mainly employed urban citizens. The urban workers as well as their families were then covered by the state’s employment-based welfare system. Today, however, following the principles of a market economy, the government no longer mandates full employment. Massive social relocation took place when former SOEs laid off workers. Dismantling the employment-based welfare system resulted in an increase of urban poverty or near-poverty in