国际经济与贸易课件第一章：introduction.ppt

CHAPTER 1 A Brief Introduction to International Trade CHAPTER 1 A Brief Introduction to International Trade Learning Objectives To understand what is international trade To learn why does international trade take place To appreciate the differences between international trade and domestic trade To learn the basic concepts in international trade What is international trade? International trade, also called foreign trade, or overseas trade, in essence, is the fair and deliberate exchange of commodity and service across national boundaries. It includes import and export trade operations. International trade is a business which involves the crossing of national borders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing, but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling and mass communications. International Trade and Foreign Trade 国际贸易(International Trade) 是指世界各国(或地区)之间在商品和服务方面的交换活动，它是各个国家(或地区)在国际分工的基础上相互联系的主要形式。 对外贸易(Foreign Trade)、海外贸易(Oversea Trade) 从单个国家（或地区）的角度出发，一个特定的国家（或地区）同其他国家（或地区）之间所进行的商品和服务的交换活动。 两者之间的联系 国际贸易与对外贸易是一般与个别的关系。国际贸易是从国际范围考察的一种世界性的商品交换活动，是各国对外贸易的总和——因此，国际贸易又常常被称为“世界贸易（ World Trade ）”。 Why does international trade take place? Resource Acquisition No nation has all of the commodities that it needs. Some countries are abundant in certain resources, while other nations may be lack of them. 2. Benefits Acquisition With the development of manufacturing and technology, there arose another incentive for nations to trade, i.e. economic benefits. It has been found that a country benefits more by producing goods it can make most cheaply and buying those goods that other countries can make at lower costs than by producing everything it needs within its own border. The theory of comparative advantage 西方关于贸易利益的论述及争议 宗教贸易观 “上帝没有把所有的产品都赠给地球的每个部分，但他把礼物分布在不同的地区，到头来人们会力求建立起地区之间的社会关系，因为他们需要互相帮助。上帝使贸易产生，从而使所有的人都能共同享受地球上的果实，而无论这些果实是