MIT精益企业的整合战略.pptVIP

What is Strategy? A strategy is a plan, method, or series of actions designed to achieve a specific goal or effect (Wordsmyth, 2001). Contextual Description of Strategy (Mintzberg, 1987) Military strategy is concerned with drafting the plan of war...shaping the individual campaigns within these plans, and deciding on the individual engagements with the enemy. Game Theory strategy involves a complete plan; a plan which specifies what choices (the player) will make in every possible situation. Management strategy is a unified, comprehensive, and integrated plan designed to ensure that the basic objectives of the enterprise are achieved. Strategy and Business (Oster, 1999) From a business perspective, strategy begins with the desire of an organization to outperform the market. A strategy, in this context, is defined as a set of concrete plans to help the organization accomplish this goal. Fundamentally, a strategy is a commitment to undertake one set of actions rather than another, and this commitment necessarily describes the allocation of resources Strategy and Business (Porter, 1996) If there were one ideal position, there would be no need for strategy. Strategy is based on making trade-offs in a competitive environment. The essence of strategy is thus choosing what to do and what not to do while creating fit among a companys activities. Two Primary Reasons for a Strategy First, if what you do is not unique in some respect and everyone can do it, then you cannot make money at it (Oster, 1999, pp.11). Second, no advantage is permanently sustainable in a competitive market thus satisfaction with the status quo is a recipe for failure as competitors will eventually find a means to capture your market share (Hunter, 2000a). Strategy and Competitive Advantage Empirical study of 6771 firms in 40 industries over 25 years was conducted to test whether businesses do sustain competitive advantage, as measured by sustained superior economi