动词不定式作宾语补足语grammar-infinitives.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 点击右下角的“ABC”按钮可以查看录音原文。 * * * * * * * * * * * * * 按图标S只显示需讲解的句子超链接；按图标W只显示需讲解的词汇和短语超链接；按扫帚图标清除所有超链接标记。按上箭头回到上一层。 * * * * * * * * * 动词不定式在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。下面仅谈不定式作主语和宾语补足语的一些用法。 Grammar - Infinitives 一、动词不定式作主语 1 不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 1) To say something is one thing, to do it is another. 2) To learn English well requires much practice. 不定式可直接作句子主语，但在更多情况下都用 it 作形式主语，而把不定式这个真正主语放到句子后部去，这样可以使主语不至显得太长，保持句子的平衡。 1) To restore (修复) the painting in one week is impossible. → It is impossible to restore the painting in one week. 2) To climb mountains needs courage and strength. → It needs courage and strength to climb mountains. Grammar - Infinitives 二、动词不定式作宾语补足语 Grammar - Infinitives 1 不定式作宾语补足语，与宾语构成复合宾语（名词 / 代词 + 不定式），形成逻辑上的主谓关系。常见的接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有 advise, allow, ask, consider, expect, force, invite, like, persuade, want, wish 等。 His fans expected him to be the winner of the singing contest. The famous singer invited many friends to come to her wedding. Grammar - Infinitives 2 在有些动词之后的宾语补足语结构中，不定式符号 to 必须省略。 A. 在 have, let, make 等使役动词之后的复合宾语中用不带 to 的不定式。 The interviewer made Peter wait outside. B. 在 feel, hear, notice, see, watch 等感官动词之后的复合宾语中用不带 to 的不定式。 Mother didn’t see Christine come in and go upstairs. 但使役动词和感官动词为被动语态时，其后仍用带 to 的不定式，试比较： 1) They often hear Tom sing. 2) Tom was often heard to sing this song. 2. To translate Mo Yan’s novels into English is not easy.  __________________________________________________ 3. To watch the final of the World Cup is really exciting. __________________________________________________ 4. To keep a racehorse will cost a great deal of money.  __________________________________________________ To get to London by train took us six hours. ____________