抗生素英文课件精品 Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics幻灯片课件.pptVIP

Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics;ANTIBIOTICS (ATB);;;ATB according to the type of action 1.Primary bakteristatic -chloramphenikol -tetracyclins -macrolides -sulphonamides -nitrofurans... 2.Primary baktericidal -penicilins -cephalosporins -streptomycine -polymyxin,... Penicilins and cephalosporins are acting only on dividing bacteria Aminoglykosides kill also resting, not dividing cells;ATB according to the spectrum of action: 1. Narrow spectrum of ATBs and chemotherapeutics - allow the targeted therapy of usually 1 bacterial group, species Mycobacterium sp, G+, or only staphylococci: napr. antituberculotics,. antistaphylococcal atbs 2. Broad spectrum ATBs and chemotherapeutics – active on several species (G+ and G-) -aminoglycosides -ampicilin -chloramphenicol -tetracyclins -sulphonamides - ;Mechanism of action at the level of: 1. Synthesis of cell wall 2. Disruption of protoplasmatic membrane 3. Inhibition of proteosynthesis 4. Interference of nucleic acid metabolism ;Mechanism of action: 1. Inhibition of synthesis of peptidoglycans of cell wall Synthesis is going on in 4 phases: I. synthesis of monomers, II. condensation, III synthesis of phospholipids in cell wall, IV incorporation of peptidoglycan in the preexisting cell wall structure - I to III : bacitracin, vancomycin,cyckloserinn - IV penicilines, cephalosporines beta-lactam ATBs – those that have heterocyclic beta lactam ring – PNC, cephalosporins – inhibit synthesis of peptidoglycans vancomycin, teicoplanin – inhibition of condensation of monomers acyl-D-alanyl-D-Ala bacitracin - inhibition of phospholipids synthesis ;Mechanism of action 2. D